PMC

Natural indirect effects (NIE) of cognitively engaging active breaks on response inhibition. Results are presented as B (95% CI). Significant effects in bold. Natural direct effects (NDE) and total effects were non-significant (n.s.).

Three-phase process for engaging volunteer-led out-of-school-time organizations for the dissemination and implementation of guiding principles for obesity prevention, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, 2012–2013.

Real-time social preference of C57BL/6J and Oprm1 mutant judges. A–C, C57BL/6J judges (n = 25) simultaneously engaging with social targets that are typical (Oprm1^+/+) or atypical (Oprm1^+/−), as shown in a schematic diagram (A), along with time spent in each chamber (B) and preference score (C). D–F, C57BL/6J judges (n = 23) simultaneously engaging with social targets that are typical (Oprm1^+/+) or atypical (Oprm1^−/−), as shown in a schematic diagram (D), along with time spent in each chamber (E) and preference score (F). G–I, Oprm1^+/− judges (n = 8) simultaneously engaging with social targets that are typical (Oprm1^+/+) or atypical (Oprm1^−/−), as shown in a schematic diagram (G), along with time spent in each chamber (H) and preference score (I). J–L, Oprm1^−/− judges (n = 13) simultaneously engaging with social targets that are typical (Oprm1^+/+) or atypical (Oprm1^−/−), as shown in a schematic diagram (J), along with time spent in each chamber (K) and preference score (L). All groups contained similar numbers of female mice (open symbols) and male mice (closed symbols). *p < 0.05 according to LSD post hoc test (E, K) or one-sample t test (F, L).

Examples of skin conductance level traces by behavioral subtype. For all images, the blue-shaded area represents the time period of an individual engaging in problem behavior. The left-most blue pin represents the beginning of the problem behavior, and the right-most pin represents the end of the problem behavior. (A) No EDA build-up prior to engaging in problem behavior (in this example, jumping in seat); (B) EDA build-up prior to engaging in problem behavior (in this example, jumping in seat); (C) EDA build-up prior to engaging in problem behavior (in this example, repetitive body hitting) and subsequent reduction with engagement in problem behavior. The x-axis is EDA in microsiemens, and the y-axis is time (marked at the top of each EDA record).